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The most common digital speech codec is APCO P25, which dsd is able to decode.
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However, most users of digital radio do not bother to encrypt their systems as it can introduce lag and extra battery drain in portable radios. Additionally, digital radio systems can be encrypted making it impossible for communications to be decoded by a hobbyist. Unfortunately for radio scanner hobbyists, digital radio is difficult to receive, as special radio scanners which can be expensive are required to decode the digital audio. This is due to the various improvements offered over traditional analogue voice radio systems. They describe, “Digital radio voice communications are becoming more commonly used in the radio spectrum.
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The crew over at has posted a simple tutorial on using the RTL-SDR dongle and free SDR# and Digital Speech Decoder software (dsd) to monitor P25 digital radio voice comms. There’s also good information to be found in these materials from Eurocontrol air traffic management training.
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You’ll want to read Henry Forte’s excellent 15 page PDF QuickStart Guide for the details on using these outstanding programs.įor more information on ADS-B tech and its security vulnerabilities, see Andrei Costin and Auŕelien Francillon’s interesting paper entitled Ghost in the Air (Traffic).
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ADSBscope can be downloaded from the developer in a zip file containing everything you need for a Windows installation (including Delphi source code.) ADSBscope is an excellent GUI which acts as a client on your computer taking output from the SDR# (server) and presenting it in listing and map format. Once you have ADSB# operational, you’ll need a way to convert its raw hex data output into usable information.
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The ADSB# code is available in both Windows executable and source. It allows you to access your RTL-SDR dongle with prearranged parameters to receive raw data traffic from aircraft transmitting ADS-B data. But if you own a RTL-SDR dongle, you already have all the hardware you need and we’ve found some free programs which will get you monitoring ADS-B in minutes.ĪDSB# is an open source project from the crew at SDR#. To monitor this system you could purchase a dedicated ADS-B receiver for several hundred dollars, or design your own in software for an SDR platform. It uses a frequency of 1090 MHz, sending data using a modulation scheme called Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). “The FCD was used ‘live’ in these videos while the DVB-T IQ stream (1MHz bandwith) was prerecorded a few minutes before the video in order to avoid having to switch the dongles and reconfigure software back and forth and thus save some time in the video.”Īutomatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a radio communications system used by aircraft worldwide to transmit position and identification information. Kanal reports: “Most of these satellite downlinks are encrypted data links except for the illegal Pirates from Brazil or occasionally other unintended uplinks or harmonics making it into the uplink.” The test was conducted with the two devices connected to the same antenna with no preamp. Here in Part II Kanal compares reception of identical test signals from geostationary UHF military satellite downlinks in the 240 – 270 MHz range to compare received signal to noise ratios (SNR). The two devices are connected to the same antenna and using identical test systems from a geostationary INMARSAT satellite to compare received signal to noise ratios (SNR). Kanal von MegaOscarVideos from Germany presents a two-part video comparision of the Funcube dongle and a RTL-SDR DVB-T dongle, in this case a Hama Nano version. Visit the rtl-sdr page at Osmocom for complete details and links to hardware suppliers. You don’t have to buy a USRP, not even a FCDP or an OsmoSDR: A USD 20 device is all that’s needed for receiving signals like GSM, GMR, DECT, TETRA, APCO25 and many others.
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So now there is really no more excuse for anyone to not learn GNU Radio. The RTL2832U has some undocumented commands/registers, by which it can be placed into a mode where it simply forwards the unprocessed raw baseband samples (up to 2.8 MS/s 8-bit I+Q) via high-speed USB into the PC, where they are routed into GNU Radio.Īt a street price of about USD 20 to USD 25, they are undoubtedly the most capable low-cost SDR hardware that can be bought. Those DVB-T receivers supported by rtl-sdr are based on the Realtek RTL2832U chipset plus a tuner IC like the Elonics E4000. So what is rtl-sdr? It is a creative form of using consumer-grade DVB-T USB receivers, turning them into fully-fledged software defined radios. In addition to their other amazing work, Osmocom team members (notably Steve Markgraf) have been hacking away on an alternative least-cost solution they call rtl-sdr. If you don’t want to spend $1,200+ for a USRP SDR to use GNU Radio the crew at OsmoSDR want to help.
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